{"id":6636,"date":"2023-07-01T15:55:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T13:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/?p=6636"},"modified":"2024-12-13T17:58:56","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T16:58:56","slug":"los-psicodelicos-y-la-realidad-cambian-el-paradigma-occidental","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/es\/psychedelics\/101\/psychedelics-and-reality-shifting-the-western-paradigm\/","title":{"rendered":"Psicod\u00e9licos y Realidad: Es hora de un cambio de paradigma (5\u00aa parte)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6636\" class=\"elementor elementor-6636\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f591d15 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f591d15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1420986 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1420986\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a955db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a955db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c86a2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c86a2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eded9f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eded9f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Psychedelics and Reality: <br>It's Time for a Paradigm Shift<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc753aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc753aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 5: What are Psychedelics?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eabc1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eabc1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Psychedelics 101 Series <br>Understanding the Fundamentals of Psychedelics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c830fa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c830fa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Estimated reading time: 7 min<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f991ba8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f991ba8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-056c8b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"056c8b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nino-galvez-leferink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nino Galvez<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/about-dmitrij-achelrod\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dmitrij Achelrod (PhD)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab35e50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab35e50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>July 1, 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13022e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13022e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2281a83 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2281a83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2281a83\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Apri l&#039;indice dei contenuti\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2281a83\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Chiudi l&#039;indice\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2281a83\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cc6f99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cc6f99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e0f9c7\" data-id=\"7e0f9c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b125e72 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b125e72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12b69d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12b69d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having redefined the spectrum of substances, and explored terminology and pharmacology, you are ready to go beyond. Here we open up to new perspectives to break through frames to interpret psychedelics and it&#8217;s implications on reality in a more open way.<br \/><\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e49c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e49c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><i>Opening up to non-Western perspectives on reality and psychedelics<br \/><\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a7b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30a7b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the exploration of the history of psychedelics in the first article of this series, it became clear that long before the Western understanding of psychedelics emerged, many cultures had profoundly understood and integrated them into their culture (cf. Article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/history_of_psychedelics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History of Psychedelics<\/a>&#8220;). Failing to consider their viewpoints would not only demonstrate a lack of respect. It would perpetuate the long-standing colonialist mindset of Western superiority in having the authority to define \u201cobjective reality\u201d. Integrating alternative perspectives into the Western viewpoint could enable a more inclusive and transcendent understanding of these powerful compounds and our reality.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The start of that endeavor reveals the invisible barrier that prevents us from being open to alternative perspectives. T<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">he following part explores what may prevent us from being open to different interpretations of psychedelics from the perspective of philosophy of science.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00e9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e00e9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><i>The paradigm shift<\/i><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30d02fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30d02fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, Thomas Kuhn, coined the term<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cparadigm shift\u201d [<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thomas-kuhn\/#ConcPara\">1<\/a>]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charles Tart, one of the founders of the field of Transpersonal Psychology understood the \u201cparadigm shift\u201d as a perspectival or psychological shift in our way of understanding the world:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948d2c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"948d2c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">\u201cA paradigm is the &#8220;natural&#8221; way of looking at things and doing things; it is the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obvious &#8220;sensible&#8221; way to think about problems in its field.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You do not think about rebelling against something that seems like the natural order of the universe; you do not realize you are controlled by your concepts. We all have paradigms, and worldviews, about different areas of reality.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have personal and cultural paradigms about economics, politics, religion, sexuality, aggression, and so on. And, almost all of these are implicit belief systems, sets of rules for interpreting things, thinking about things, acting on things, so we no longer know what the rules are that govern our reactions.\u201d [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/638059\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f80377e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f80377e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc016b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbc016b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>All significant breakthroughs are breaks with old ways of thinking.<\/i><\/p><p><i>&#8212; Thomas Kuhn<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6499aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6499aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b><i>Western Scientific Duality &amp; Reductionism<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47efb31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47efb31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0307eba elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0307eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the still currently prevailing Western scientific paradigm, people think of matter as an inanimate object to be studied through the lens of science by an objective agent. That is reflected in the way people go about science, assuming that a researcher is able to independently observe an \u201cobjective reality\u201d. That is, a reality separate from the researcher and a reality that consists of matter. A philosophical position called \u201cmaterialism\u201d.<\/p><p>Hand in hand with this approach often goes a reductionist perspective: the assumption that understanding a complex object is possible through analysis alone &#8211; the separation of complex wholes into parts that can be separately analyzed and that those individual parts are the only things that really exist [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_njf8jwEGRo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3a<\/a>]. Reductionism believes that understanding the components of an object and adding them together leads to ultimately understanding the whole.<\/p><p>Despite the great discoveries and benefits this approach has brought to humanity, we could open ourselves to the possibility that this places a limit on our ability to understand deeply, as it implies that knowing beyond the relationship of researcher and objective reality is not possible.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, reductionism takes for granted the principle of emergence [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eh7qvXfGQho\">4a<\/a>], where totally new properties arise from the combination of components that \u201cmake up the whole\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A reductionist approach to understanding how the body works, would investigate the components. For instance, understanding how organs work, in turn looking at the workings of cells and going further down into molecules and so on. With the underlying notion that the further down there you go, the closer you get to a pure understanding. When you arrive \u201cat the bottom\u201d, you add all the pieces together and you understand the body [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_njf8jwEGRo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3b<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">].\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professor Robert Sapolsky at Stanford explains that such a reductionistic approach works in simple systems like when fixing a car or a clock, but is limited in understanding complex systems, such as living systems.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cfa5e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7cfa5e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_a_researcher_looking_into_a_mirror_through_a_microscope_e49173fe-d90d-468d-b028-62c92eb31e46-e1689401737791.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6283\" alt=\"a researcher looking through a microscope unable to see his own reflection in reality\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_a_researcher_looking_into_a_mirror_through_a_microscope_e49173fe-d90d-468d-b028-62c92eb31e46-e1689401737791.webp 917w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_a_researcher_looking_into_a_mirror_through_a_microscope_e49173fe-d90d-468d-b028-62c92eb31e46-e1689401737791-300x196.webp 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_a_researcher_looking_into_a_mirror_through_a_microscope_e49173fe-d90d-468d-b028-62c92eb31e46-e1689401737791-768x502.webp 768w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_a_researcher_looking_into_a_mirror_through_a_microscope_e49173fe-d90d-468d-b028-62c92eb31e46-e1689401737791-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd89f29 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dd89f29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72289e0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72289e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u201cHow do you have a cell that respirates, made up of molecules that do not respirate? Where does respiration come from?\u201d [<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eh7qvXfGQho\" target=\"_blank\">4b<\/a><em>}<\/em><br><em>\u2013 Daniel Schmachenberger<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5459117 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5459117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel Schmachenberger continues on to say: \u201cIn the fields of science that study emergence (..), it is considered the closest thing to magic that is actually a scientifically admissible term\u201d.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other cultures, and also previous iterations of Western culture, have developed different lenses on reality where for example consciousness or subjectivity was considered the \u201creal\u201d or \u201cbasic\u201d\/fundamental stuff in the universe, and matter secondary. They also had intuitions of the intrinsic interconnectedness of observing subjects with the objects they were interacting with. And they had a deep reverence for \u201cwholes\u201d or \u201cthe whole\u201d and didn\u2019t think you could understand everything better by cutting it down into its parts.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So while we are not arguing for example for simplistic animism, where stones might be considered alive. Or say that the view of psychedelics that indigenous communities have is superior to Western understanding, it is important to consider the full range of interpretive options when trying to understand psychedelics and their effect.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aim is to clearly see the particularity of the modern Western lens that most of us use to make sense of reality, so as to be able to better see its limitations and to be truly open to exploring valuable alternative perspectives. This discussion will continue in the next article where we explore the brain on psychedelics and how it relates to the \u201chard problem of consciousness\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For now, it is important to consider how, as a result of seeing reality as a separate object to be seen and studied through the lens of reductionist materialism, a separation between humans and nature is created in which we as humans put ourselves above nature. Nature is out there to be manipulated and used at our will to serve our individual or collective needs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We create separation between ourselves and other individuals, and different collectives leading to in- and outgroup dynamics. Each self fighting for it&#8217;s needs rather than looking at the needs of the whole and how to meet those collectively in the most holistic way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The separation is also between our minds and our bodies. We tend to look at our body as objects to be subjected to training, discipline and control.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This utilitarian view also extends to psychedelics and psychedelic plants: we view these as substances to be used and manipulated to serve our collective and individual needs of healing. It is not to say that it&#8217;s necessarily \u201cwrong\u201d. However, it\u2019s important to be aware of this extractive mindset to create a shift into engaging with these plants with humility and gratitude.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac38c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ac38c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf0e0f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcf0e0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u201cWe never were separate from nature and never will be, but the dominant culture on earth has long imagined itself to be apart from nature and destined one day to transcend it. We have lived in a mythology of separation.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u2015 Charles Eisenstein, <\/em><em>Climate: A New Story<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb58ba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb58ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>An Indigenous paradigm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afa7376 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afa7376\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u201cApproaching ayahuasca research from both Indigenous perspectives and plant perspectives can provide an orientation for revealing our human centric and scientistic assumptions that are otherwise invisible.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>&#8211; Laura Dev<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acf6830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acf6830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amazonian shamans, native Americans and the Mazatecs hold a different paradigm [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/378208\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]. In their views, plants are not mere objects, to be used and dominated. Rather, these psychoactive plants are seen as teachers, guides and spirit plants. They view them as beings with agency, intention and aliveness. Indigenous cultures see a connection between plants, people, and nature, believing that they all share a common origin and when that connection is recognized, healing occurs [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X8Xg-azOgiE&amp;t=1386s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6a<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">] [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chacruna.net\/mazatec-perspectives-on-the-globalization-of-psilocybin-mushrooms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The leaders of indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin, responsible for preserving the spiritual traditions and knowledge of the sacred medicine of the yag\u00e9 (ayahuasca) say:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccce867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccce867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYag\u00e9 is not a hallucinogen and it is not a psychedelic plant. Yag\u00e9 is a plant that has a living spirit and teaches us how to live in peace and harmony with Mother Earth.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0974cf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0974cf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A close-minded Western response would see that paradigm as superstitious and primitive, based on an outdated religious and mythical belief system that we luckily overcame in the era of Enlightenment.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d69fef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0d69fef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3408ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3408ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhen data which make no sense in terms of the (implicit) paradigm, whether it be scientific, cultural, or d-SoC, are brought to a person&#8217;s attention, the usual result is not a reevaluation of the paradigm, but a rejection or misperception of the data.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Charles Tart<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61f2f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61f2f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take a moment to understand the difficulties in seeing through our paradigm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aim here is not to try to establish either paradigm as superior. Rather it is to use this as an opportunity to see through our paradigm and arrive at a more inclusive and holistic understanding. Being open to other forms of knowing means exploring new ways of knowing. To understand the indigenous perspective, we can learn to see through their lens. By partaking in their rituals, following their diets, and being guided by their wise elders, perhaps we can discover previously unfamiliar knowledge.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-001fb5f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"001fb5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89eafc5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89eafc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe shaman often talks by tales and by jokes. It is important that we also incorporate that modality of knowing.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Beatriz Labate, anthropologist [<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X8Xg-azOgiE&amp;t=1386s\" target=\"_blank\">6b<\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c038962 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c038962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have to do what it takes. To understand psychedelics, going beyond the Western perspective and integrating philosophy, metaphysics, and alternative perspectives is key. Through recognizing the invisible barrier that prevents us from being open to alternative perspectives. And being willing to undergo a paradigm shift in our way of understanding the world and reality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7c3f12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7c3f12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><i>Ready to take a peek inside the &#8220;Psychedelic Mind&#8221;?<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7594339 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7594339\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28030c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28030c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_the_challenge_of_explaining_color_to_the_colorblind_883d1f5e-0081-4981-a8f0-c83006189d3a.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6256\" alt=\"a colorful eye that represents taking a peek in the psychedelic experience\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_the_challenge_of_explaining_color_to_the_colorblind_883d1f5e-0081-4981-a8f0-c83006189d3a.webp 922w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_the_challenge_of_explaining_color_to_the_colorblind_883d1f5e-0081-4981-a8f0-c83006189d3a-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_the_challenge_of_explaining_color_to_the_colorblind_883d1f5e-0081-4981-a8f0-c83006189d3a-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/NinoGal_the_challenge_of_explaining_color_to_the_colorblind_883d1f5e-0081-4981-a8f0-c83006189d3a-768x768.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa882b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa882b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Speaking about exploring alternative perspectives, let\u2019s take a look inside \u201cThe Psychedelic Mind\u201d and dive into a first-person perspective and the psychological mechanisms of action. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Join us for the journey in the next article!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-58e50cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58e50cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ba6b72\" data-id=\"8ba6b72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc78e3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cdc78e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-skew-forward\" href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/a-peek-inside-the-psychedelic-experience\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Next Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f07def elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f07def\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738f57f\" data-id=\"738f57f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a2b07 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8a2b07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Images<\/strong><\/p><p>Uncited images were created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nino-galvez-leferink-149108162\">Nino Galvez<\/a> using AI image generators<\/p><p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p><p>[1] Bird, A. (2018, October 31). <i>Thomas Kuhn<\/i>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thomas-kuhn\/#ConcPara<\/p><div>[2] Tart, C. T. (1992). <i>Transpersonal psychologies: Perspectives on the mind from seven great spiritual traditions<\/i>. Harpercollins.<\/div><p>[3a,b] YouTube. (2011). <i>Chaos and Reductionism &#8211; Stanford<\/i>. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_njf8jwEGRo.<\/p><p>[4a,b] YouTube. (2016). <i>Daniel Schmachtenberger\u2019s talk at Emergence<\/i>. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eh7qvXfGQho.<\/p><div><p>[5] Schultes, R. E., &amp; Hofmann, A. (1979). <i>Plants of the gods<\/i>.<\/p><p>[6a,b] YouTube. (2021). <i>Honoring the Indigenous Roots of the Psychedelic Movement<\/i>. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X8Xg-azOgiE&amp;t=1026s.<\/p><div dir=\"ltr\">[7] L\u00f3pez, R. A. (2022, March 28). <i>Mazatec perspectives on the globalization of psilocybin mushrooms<\/i>. Chacruna. 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