{"id":6591,"date":"2023-04-19T10:51:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T08:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/?p=6591"},"modified":"2024-12-13T17:57:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T16:57:51","slug":"psychedelica-in-westerse-geneeskunde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/nl\/psychedelics\/101\/psychedelics-in-western-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychedelica in de geneeskunde: Een westerse categorisering (deel 3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6591\" class=\"elementor elementor-6591\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8874107 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8874107\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43c9867\" data-id=\"43c9867\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e73b52a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e73b52a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d93475 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d93475\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a2b8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6a2b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Psychedelics in Medicine: A Western Categorization\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d123c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d123c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Chapter 3: What are Psychedelics?<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-793ff9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"793ff9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Psychedelics 101 Series <br><i style=\"font-size: 34px\">Understanding the Fundamentals of Psychedelics<br><\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b65257 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b65257\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Estimated reading time: 3 mins<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1851bde e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1851bde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff1368 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ff1368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nino-galvez-leferink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nino Galvez<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/about-dmitrij-achelrod\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dmitrij Achelrod (PhD)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c9f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2c9f50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>April 19, 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfd8ef4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cfd8ef4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8267d03 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"8267d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8267d03\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8267d03\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__8267d03\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cc6f99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cc6f99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e0f9c7\" data-id=\"7e0f9c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b125e72 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b125e72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12b69d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12b69d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the previous article <a href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/the-psychedelic-name-game\/\">\u201cNaming Psychedelics: How it Affects Perception and Experience\u201d<\/a>, we explored why are psychedelics called psychedelics and how the way we understand these substances forms the context and influences the experience. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\"><i>This article goes into the categorization of psychedelics in Western medicine. Ready for pharmacology?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e49c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e49c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>How are psychedelics categorized in the Western medical perspective?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a7b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30a7b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Western medicine, researchers have categorized psychedelic substances into different classes for practical purposes in clinical research. These are based on two distinguishing and related factors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first is the way in which they interact with the brain, more specifically, to which receptors the substance binds. Second, the subjective effects they induce. Understanding how these interactions in the brain relate to the subjective effects keeps cutting-edge neuroscientists awake at night.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f62951 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f62951\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a69a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12a69a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">In Western medicine, the most prominent category is one of <\/span><b style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">classic serotonergic<\/b><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\"> psychedelics [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25877327\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">]. These are the most well-known and well-studied psychedelic substances. Their safety and efficacy are backed up by a substantial body of research. Their common characteristic is that they interact with the neurotransmitter serotonin which is naturally present in the brain. Chemically, some of these compounds are very similar to serotonin. More specifically, they interact with the 5-HT2A receptors in the brain (5-HT, i.e. 5-hydroxytryptamine, is the chemical name of serotonin while 2A is a serotonin receptor subtype). Therefore these substances are considered to induce similar effects. Included in this category are the psychedelic compounds psilocybin which can be found in some mushrooms, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca, mescaline, and LSD. These (except for mescaline) are also referred to as tryptamines.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The potential of the classic serotonergic psychedelics to treat mental health conditions and help individuals on their path of psycho-spiritual development, is often attributed to the dissolution of the boundaries of the self or a \u201cmystical-type\u201d experience [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6lMJxH9xvc0.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]. We will explore both in depth later in Chapter 2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-070b98d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"070b98d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image2-e1681383854491.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6601\" alt=\"the chemical structure of classic psychedelics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image2-e1681383854491.png 850w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image2-e1681383854491-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image2-e1681383854491-768x192.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The chemical structure of classic psychedelics<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-346e489 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"346e489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Dissociative Psychedelics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30d02fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30d02fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another category of psychedelic compounds can be described as \u201c<\/span><b>dissociatives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, which are known to induce states of dissociation from the mind and body, leading to feelings of detachment and alteration of visual perceptions. Examples are ketamine, ibogaine and phencyclidine (PCP).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed40d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ed40d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16beb51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"16beb51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"144\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ibogane-300x144.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6278\" alt=\"chemical strucute of ibogane\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ibogane-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ibogane-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ibogane-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ibogane.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ibogaine<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-005c649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"005c649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pcp-1-300x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6279\" alt=\"chemical strucute of pcp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pcp-1-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pcp-1-e1678195611565.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">PCP<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d5d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8d5d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ketamine-281x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6280\" alt=\"chemical strucute of ketamine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ketamine-281x300.png 281w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ketamine-959x1024.png 959w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ketamine-768x820.png 768w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ketamine-e1678195783595.png 140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ketamine<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9d38b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d9d38b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Entactogens<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2371647 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2371647\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">A third category are the<\/span><b style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\"> entactogens<\/b><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">, which are substances that produce feelings of euphoria, empathy and emotional openness. In this category, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is the most relevant in the field of psychedelic-assisted therapy. A body of research shows MDMA\u2019s therapeutic benefits in combination with psychotherapy to treat PTSD [<a href=\"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jcph.1995\">3<\/a>]. However, it is debated whether the substance should belong to the category of classic psychedelics because of the difference in subjective effects.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0068cc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0068cc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1280px-MDMA.svg-300x114.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6275\" alt=\"chemical strucute of mdma\" srcset=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1280px-MDMA.svg-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1280px-MDMA.svg-1024x390.png 1024w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1280px-MDMA.svg-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1280px-MDMA.svg.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">MDMA<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c43413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c43413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">Rick Doblin, the founder of pioneering non-profit research organization, MAPS, provides an insightful perspective to that debate:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9e3fa8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f9e3fa8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14f123 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d14f123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cMDMA\u2019s potential for healing PTSD-patients differs from the \u2018classic\u2019 psychedelics, which usually need a mystical experience or something similar to ego-dissolution in order to show similar results as MDMA. With MDMA, patients feel a sense of safety approaching their trauma \u2018with their ego intact\u2019.\u201d [<a href=\"http:\/\/YouTube. (2020). Rick Doblin &amp; Dr. Torsten Passie: The Future of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6lMJxH9xvc0.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4<\/a>]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a13babd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a13babd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb ); color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">In conclusion, psychedelics in Western medicine have been categorized into different classes based on their interaction with the brain and the subjective effects they induce. The most prominent category includes classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-3950dbb );\">, DMT, ayahuasca, mescaline, and LSD. Other categories include dissociatives and entactogens, with MDMA being a notable example in the latter group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7c3f12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7c3f12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><i>How do psychedelics differ from cannabis &amp; &#8220;hard drugs&#8221;?<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c038962 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c038962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Now you are ready to redefine the spectrum of substances.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/psychedelics-cannabis-and-hard-drugs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">The next article<\/a>\u00a0does exactly that by showcasing how psychedelics, cannabis &amp; \u201chard drugs\u201d are clearly of different categories.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a0cb51 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1a0cb51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-skew-forward\" href=\"https:\/\/evolute-institute.com\/psychedelics-cannabis-and-hard-drugs\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Next Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f07def elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f07def\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738f57f\" data-id=\"738f57f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a2b07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8a2b07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Images<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Uncited images were created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nino-galvez-leferink-149108162\">Nino Galvez<\/a> using AI image generators<\/span><\/p><p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p><p><sup>[<\/sup><sup>1<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup> <span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">Ara\u00fajo, A. M., Carvalho , F., Bastos , M. L., Guedes de Pinho, P., &amp; Carvalho, M. (n.d.). <\/span><i style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: An updated review<\/i><span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">. Archives of toxicology. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25877327\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this site<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\">[2]<\/span> <span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">YouTube. (2020). <\/span><i style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">Rick Doblin &amp; Dr. Torsten Passie: The Future of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy<\/i><span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6lMJxH9xvc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this site<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p>[3] <span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">Smith, K. W., White, C. M., Hernandez, A. V., &amp; Sicignano, D. J. (n.d.). <\/span><i style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis<\/i><span style=\"text-indent: -1cm; font-size: 1rem;\">. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from <a href=\"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jcph.1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this site<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\">[4]<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">YouTube. (2020). <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Rick Doblin &amp; Dr. Torsten Passie: The Future of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">. 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